Originally named Serra Leoa (Portuguese for 'lioness mountains') by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra in 1462, the modern name is derived from the Italian spelling, which was introduced by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and subsequently copied by other European mapmakers. [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. [162] It has been projected that the Bumbuna dam could potentially reduce the amount of spending on foreign fuel and save the country at least $2 million a month. [69] Owing to the astute politics of Milton Margai, the educated Protectorate elites were able to join forces with the paramount chiefs in the face of Krio intransigence. Sierra Leone is a secular nation with the constitution providing for the separation of state and religion and freedom of conscience (which includes freedom of thoughts and religion). The Sierra Leone Armed Forces consist of around 15,500 personnel, comprising the largest Sierra Leone Army,[122] the Sierra Leone Navy and the Sierra Leone Air Wing. The Crown did not supply enough basic supplies and provisions and the Settlers were continually threatened by illegal slave trading and the risk of re-enslavement. However, no presidential candidate won the 50% plus one vote majority stipulated in the constitution on the first round of voting. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. Graphic maps of the area around 8 33' 36" N, 13 31' 30" W. There are many color schemes to choose from. The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. Internet access in Sierra Leone has been sparse but is on the increase, especially since the introduction of 3G/4G cellular phone services across the country. Located in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone is Kenema which is also the biggest city in the province and the third largest city in the country. The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. Many senior officers in the Sierra Leone Army were greatly disappointed with Stevens' policies and his handling of the Sierra Leone Military, but none could confront Stevens. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. Many of the national team footballers are celebrities across Sierra Leone and they are often well known by the general population. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. Sierra Leone has the largest natural harbour on the African continent, allowing international shipping through the Queen Elizabeth II Quay in the Cline Town area of eastern Freetown or through Government Wharf in central Freetown. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. [79] The vast majority of Limba support the All People's Congress (APC) political party. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. It became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 2002. Economic Community of West African States, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone, First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Sierra Leone", "National Electoral Commission Press Release", "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sierra Leone, "Inter-religious cooperation can be vital asset for rebuilding Sierra Leone UN expert", "The Establishment of the Sierra Leone Protectorate and the Insurrection of 1898", "Transition without Rupture: Sierra Leone's Transfer Election of 1996", "The British Experience in Africa and Oman", "Pedro da intra did not name Sierra Leone: An Exploration into available evidence", Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century, https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Enslaved Africans: Sierra Leone, c. 180819", The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "House of Commons International Development Memoranda", "Sierra Leone Web Sierra Leonean Heroes Achievement of Independence", "Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman", "Sierra Leone: Viewpoint Celebrating a New Nation! In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). Sierra Leone is known for its blood diamonds that were mined and sold to diamond conglomerates during the civil war, to buy the weapons that fuelled its atrocities. Sierra Leone has other smaller cities and towns that make up the geographic region of the country. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. The Sierra Leone national football team, popularly known as the Leone Stars, represents the country in international competitions. These Liberated Africans or recaptives were sold for $20 a head as apprentices to the white settlers, Nova Scotian Settlers, and the Jamaican Maroons. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. [65] The defeat of the Temne and Mende in the Hut Tax war ended mass resistance to the Protectorate and colonial government, but intermittent rioting and labour unrest continued throughout the colonial period. Descendants of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Fula migrant settlers from the Fouta Djalon region of Guinea, they live primarily in the northeast and the western area of Sierra Leone. The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . The president of the United Council of Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. [21] Bio handed power over to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP, after the conclusion of elections in early 1996 which Kabbah won. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. Female. It borders the country of Guinea as well as three other provinces in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. After several days in jail, Ajisafe was released, his church licence was given back to him, and his church was later reopened under strict government condition during several months of probation. During his first decade or so in power, Stevens renegotiated some of what he called "useless prefinanced schemes" contracted by his predecessors, both Albert Margai of the SLPP and Juxon-Smith of the NRC. Outside the capital Freetown and other major cities, television is not watched by a great many people, although Bo, Kenema and Makeni are served by their own relays of the main SLBC service. [33] The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is Sierra Leona, which later was adapted, misspelled and became the country's current name. After they established Granville Town, most of the first group of colonists died, owing to disease and warfare with the indigenous African peoples (Temne), who resisted their encroachment. Another prominent figure in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro (c.18301912). The largest and most influential are the Temne at about 35.5% and the Mende at about 33.2%. A traditional leader from each district has a seat in the countrys parliament, and each district is governed by an elected council. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. Sipsma, Heather L., et al. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. The Dominion of Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The best is that Maphill lets you look at Lungi, Port Loko, Northern, Sierra Leone from many different perspectives. Reference Location: Bombali District, Sierra Leone. However, on 23 March 1967, a group of military officers in the Sierra Leone Army led by Brigadier General Andrew Juxon-Smith, staged a counter coup against Commander Lansana. . Kenema is also governed by an elected city council and headed by a Mayor. The average temperature is 26C (78.8F) and varies from around 26 to 36C (78.8 to 96.8F) during the year. Madam Yoko (c. 18491906) was a brilliant woman of culture and ambition. Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. 28,813 (2015). The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. Stevens was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 March 1967. But in May, when nearly all Nigerian forces had left and UN forces were trying to disarm the RUF in eastern Sierra Leone, Sankoh's forces clashed with the UN troops, and some 500 peacekeepers were taken hostage as the peace accord effectively collapsed. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. After an alleged attempt to overthrow President Momoh in March 1987, more than 60 senior government officials were arrested, including Vice-President Francis Minah, who was removed from office, convicted of plotting the coup, and executed by hanging in 1989, along with five others. The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. Lansana placed Stevens under house arrest in Freetown and insisted that the determination of the Prime Minister should await the election of the tribal representatives to the House. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. The highlands rise up to 700 feet, and are the highest in Sambaia Bendugu chiefdom. Nyagua (c. 18421906), also known as the "Tracking King", was a fierce king who captured many districts and many people came to join him for protection. 50%. Just like Freetown, Bo has an ethnically diverse population but is home to the Mende people, and the primary language is the Krio language. No style is the best. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. Several Junior army officers led by Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura were identified as being behind the coup plot. Krio culture reflects the Western culture and ideals within which many of their ancestors originated they also had close ties with British officials and colonial administration during years of development. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Bo District, Sierra Leone?" Nwauwa, Apollos O. [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. According to Professor Fyle, there has been evidence of travellers calling the region Serra Lyoa long before 1462 (before the first arrival of Sintra to the region). [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. [160] This overarching goal has been broken down into smaller goals as well. Njala University was established as the Njala Agricultural Experimental Station in 1910 and became a university in 2005. A one-party parliamentary election between APC members was held in May 1986. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. [64] With this change, the British began to expand their administration in the region, recruiting British citizens to posts and pushing Krios out of positions in government and even the desirable residential areas in Freetown.[64]. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. Located in the Northern Province is Makeni city which is the capital of Bombali district and the largest city and economic center in the Province. Now that the provinces have been divided, an exact measurement of the new provincial areas is unknown. 50%. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Waterloo is part of Freetown metropolitan area. The Criminal Libel Law, including Seditious Libel Law of 1965, is used to control what is published in the media. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. The Krios, led by Isaac Wallace-Johnson, opposed the proposals, as they would have resulted in reducing the political power of the Krios in the Colony. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh is the president of the Sierra Leone Supreme Islamic Council. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims at over 99. The Southern Province is divided into four districts: The North West Province of Sierra Leone borders the Atlantic Ocean, Guinea, and three domestic regions. [227] As of 2014[update], Sierra Leone was estimated as having the 11th highest infant mortality rate in the world. [39] The Settlers built Freetown in the styles they knew from their lives in the American South; they also continued American fashion and American manners. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. The UN mission was restructured in 2008 and it was decided that the UN Radio would be merged with SLBS to form the new Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" due to the large number of excellent schools in Freetown and surrounding areas. [39][43][44][45], In 1787 the British Crown founded a settlement in Sierra Leone in what was called the "Province of Freedom". Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. Many people moved to Freetown during the countrys civil war to avoid violence in more rural areas, and economic opportunities also draw people to the city. [97] By the end of 2014 there were nearly 3000 deaths and about 10,000 cases of the disease in Sierra Leone. The central African countries are the most prevalent of EVD; like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Gabon[239], In 2014 there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa. The Sierra Leone Police under Bambay Kamara's leadership was accused of physical violence, arrest and intimidation against critics of President Momoh's government. Other minor political parties have also existed but with no significant support.[117]. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. [61] The British established Fourah Bay College in 1827, which rapidly became a magnet for English-speaking Africans on the West Coast. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. A brief coup in 1997 led by Sierra Leone Army major Johnny Paul Koroma ousted Kabbah, who went into exile in Guinea. There are a number of cultural attractions in Freetown, such as the Sierra Leone National Museum and various historical landmarks related to the founding of the city. Helicopters are also available from the airport to other major cities in the country. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. 208,795 (2015); Goderich - York Urban Area: pop. The district capital is the town of Port Loko and its . She employed her capacity for friendly communications to persuade the British to give her control of the Kpaa Mende chiefdom. The Limba are native people of Sierra Leone. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. Sherbro also sent fighters to assist Bai Bureh in the fight against the British. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. In total, there are 20 cities in Sierra Leone. What Languages Are Spoken In Sierra Leone? Makeni is home to the largest private university in Sierra Leone; University of Makeni and St. Francis Secondary School which is one of Sierra Leone's most prominent schools. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. In addition to being Sierra Leones capital and largest city, Freetown is a major port city and utilizes one of the worlds largest natural deep water harbors. The Sierra Leonean Government is constitutionally forbidden from establishing a state religion, though Muslim and Christian prayers are usually held in the country at the beginning of major political occasions, including presidential inaugurations and the official opening of the new session of Parliament. Margai appointed many non-Creoles to the country's civil service in Freetown, in an overall diversification of the civil service in the capital, which had been dominated by members of the Creole ethnic group. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. For more than a century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. It works to prevent crime, protect life and property, detect and prosecute offenders, maintain public order, ensure safety and security, and enhance access to justice. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. In the north, from 1820 to 1906, there was a Limba chief named Almamy Suluku who ruled his territory for many years, fighting to protect his territory, while at the same time using diplomacy to trick the protectorate administrators while sending fighters to assist Bai Bureh, a prominent Temne chief in Kasseh who was fighting against the imposition of the "hut tax" by the colonial administrators. [93], Promises of a return to civilian rule were fulfilled by Bio. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. [41] The Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme was proposed by entomologist Henry Smeathman and drew interest from humanitarians like Granville Sharp, who saw it as a means of showing the pro-slavery lobby that black people could contribute towards the running of the new colony of Sierra Leone. Four provinces are further divided into 14 districts; the Western Area is divided into two districts. Sierra Leone's highways are linked to Conakry, Guinea, and Monrovia, Liberia. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). 12 years old, and Monrovia, Liberia the fund was created to local! The oldest Police forces in West Africa number of excellent schools in operated! 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